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German auxiliary cruiser Orion
''Orion'' (HSK-1) was an auxiliary cruiser of the German navy which operated as a merchant raider during World War II. Built by Blohm & Voss in Hamburg in 1930/31 as the freighter ''Kurmark'', she was requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine at the outbreak of World War II and converted into the auxiliary cruiser ''Orion'', commissioned on 9 December 1939. Known to the Kriegsmarine as Schiff 36, her Royal Navy designation was Raider A. She was named after the constellation Orion.
==Construction and conversion==
The ''Orion'' was built in 1930 by Blohm & Voss in Hamburg as a freighter for HAPAG, the Hamburg-America Line. To save money, the engines of the liner ''New York'' were reused. That proved a poor decision, since the ''Orion'' was plagued for her entire life by engine problems.
After the war broke out the German ''Seekriegsleitung'' (Naval Operations Command) was ill prepared for raider warfare. The operations of the German auxiliary cruisers of World War I were evaluated and considered a great success, having disrupted British merchant shipping around the world. However the overall effect on the war was evaluated as having been rather minor and so only a small program of converting merchant vessels into auxiliary cruisers was initiated on 5 September 1939.
The first two ships being requisitioned were the ''Kurmark'' (''Orion'') and the ''Neumark'' (), and conversion started immediately.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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